# Proxy

## 最简示例

```javascript
var obj = new Proxy({}, {
  get: function (target, key, receiver) {
    console.log(`getting ${key}!`);
    return Reflect.get(target, key, receiver);
  },
  set: function (target, key, value, receiver) {
    console.log(`setting ${key}!`);
    return Reflect.set(target, key, value, receiver);
  }
});
```

## Object.create与Proxy

Proxy 实例也可以作为其他对象的原型对象。

```javascript
var proxy = new Proxy({}, {
  get: function(target, property) {
    return 35;
  }
});

let obj = Object.create(proxy);
obj.time // 35
```

上面代码中，`proxy`对象是`obj`对象的原型，`obj`对象本身并没有`time`属性，所以根据原型链，会在`proxy`对象上读取该属性，导致被拦截。

## 常见应用

### 负数索引数组

```javascript
function createArray(...elements) {
  let handler = {
    get(target, propKey, receiver) {
      let index = Number(propKey);
      if (index < 0) {
        propKey = String(target.length + index);
      }
      return Reflect.get(target, propKey, receiver);
    }
  };

  let target = [];
  target.push(...elements);
  return new Proxy(target, handler);
}

let arr = createArray('a', 'b', 'c');
arr[-1] // c
```

### 链式调用

```javascript
var pipe = (function () {
  return function (value) {
    var funcStack = [];
    var oproxy = new Proxy({} , {
      get : function (pipeObject, fnName) {
        if (fnName === 'get') {
          return funcStack.reduce(function (val, fn) {
            return fn(val);
          },value);
        }
        funcStack.push(window[fnName]);
        return oproxy;
      }
    });

    return oproxy;
  }
}());

var double = n => n * 2;
var pow    = n => n * n;
var reverseInt = n => n.toString().split("").reverse().join("") | 0;

pipe(3).double.pow.reverseInt.get; // 63
```

### 内部属性防止读写

```javascript
const handler = {
  get (target, key) {
    invariant(key, 'get');
    return target[key];
  },
  set (target, key, value) {
    invariant(key, 'set');
    target[key] = value;
    return true;
  }
};
function invariant (key, action) {
  if (key[0] === '_') {
    throw new Error(`Invalid attempt to ${action} private "${key}" property`);
  }
}
const target = {};
const proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
proxy._prop
// Error: Invalid attempt to get private "_prop" property
proxy._prop = 'c'
// Error: Invalid attempt to set private "_prop" property
```

上面代码中，只要读写的属性名的第一个字符是下划线，一律抛错，从而达到禁止读写内部属性的目的。

### web服务拦截

Proxy 对象可以拦截目标对象的任意属性，这使得它很合适用来写 Web 服务的客户端。

```javascript
const service = createWebService('http://example.com/data');

service.employees().then(json => {
  const employees = JSON.parse(json);
  // ···
});
```

上面代码新建了一个 Web 服务的接口，这个接口返回各种数据。Proxy 可以拦截这个对象的任意属性，所以不用为每一种数据写一个适配方法，只要写一个 Proxy 拦截就可以了。

```javascript
function createWebService(baseUrl) {
  return new Proxy({}, {
    get(target, propKey, receiver) {
      return () => httpGet(baseUrl + '/' + propKey);
    }
  });
}
```

同理，Proxy 也可以用来实现数据库的 ORM 层。


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