# nextTick

## 功能

在下次 DOM 更新循环结束之后执行延迟回调。在修改数据之后立即使用这个方法，获取更新后的 DOM

### 用法

```javascript
// 修改数据
vm.msg = 'Hello';
// DOM 还没有更新
Vue.nextTick(function() {
  // DOM 更新了
});

// 作为一个 Promise 使用
Vue.nextTick().then(function() {
  // DOM 更新了
});
```

## 能力检测

按照优先级检测

1. native promise
2. MutationObserver(非ie)
3. setImmediate
4. setTimeout

官方文档注释中，MutationObserver有更广的适配，但是ie11和UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3有严重的bug，所以native promise是第一优先级的

```javascript
// The nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
// via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
// MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
// UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
// completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
// Promise is available, we will use it:
/* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
  const p = Promise.resolve()
  timerFunc = () => {
    p.then(flushCallbacks)
    // In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
    // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
    // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
    // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
    // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
    if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
  isNative(MutationObserver) ||
  // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
  MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)) {
  // Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
  // e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
  // (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
  let counter = 1
  const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
  const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
  observer.observe(textNode, {
    characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
    counter = (counter + 1) % 2
    textNode.data = String(counter)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
  // Fallback to setImmediate.
  // Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
  // but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setImmediate(flushCallbacks)
  }
} else {
  // Fallback to setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0)
  }
}
```

## 回调队列执行

总体流程就是，接收回调函数，将回调函数推入回调函数队列中。

同时，在接收第一个回调函数时，执行能力检测中对应的异步方法（异步方法中调用了回调函数队列）。

如何保证只在接收第一个回调函数时执行异步方法？

nextTick源码中使用了一个异步锁的概念，即接收第一个回调函数时，先关上锁，执行异步方法。此时，浏览器处于等待执行完同步代码就执行异步代码的情况。

打个比喻：相当于一群旅客准备上车，当第一个旅客上车的时候，车开始发动，准备出发，等到所有旅客都上车后，就可以正式开车了。

当然执行flushCallbacks函数时有个难以理解的点，即：为什么需要备份回调函数队列？执行的也是备份的回调函数队列？

因为，会出现这么一种情况：nextTick套用nextTick。如果flushCallbacks不做特殊处理，直接循环执行回调函数，会导致里面nextTick中的回调函数会进入回调队列。这就相当于，下一个班车的旅客上了上一个班车。

```javascript
// 回调函数队列
const callbacks = []
// 异步锁
let pending = false

// 执行回调函数
function flushCallbacks () {
  // 重置异步锁
  pending = false
  // 防止出现nextTick中包含nextTick时出现问题，在执行回调函数队列前，提前复制备份，清空回调函数队列
  const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
  callbacks.length = 0
  // 执行回调函数队列
  for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
    copies[i]()
  }
}

...

// 我们调用的nextTick函数
export function nextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
  let _resolve
  // 将回调函数推入回调队列
  callbacks.push(() => {
    if (cb) {
      try {
        cb.call(ctx)
      } catch (e) {
        handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
      }
    } else if (_resolve) {
      _resolve(ctx)
    }
  })
  // 如果异步锁未锁上，锁上异步锁，调用异步函数，准备等同步函数执行完后，就开始执行回调函数队列
  if (!pending) {
    pending = true
    timerFunc()
  }
  // $flow-disable-line
  // 2.1.0新增，如果没有提供回调，并且支持Promise，返回一个Promise
  if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      _resolve = resolve
    })
  }
}
```

## MutationObserver

&#x20;MutationObserver 如何模拟 nextTick 这点，其实就是创建一个 TextNode 并监听内容变化，然后要 nextTick 的时候去改一下这个节点的文本内容：

```javascript
const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
  const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
  observer.observe(textNode, {
    characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
    counter = (counter + 1) % 2
    textNode.data = String(counter)
  }
```


---

# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation

If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://mm.ricky.moe/framework/vue-1/nexttick.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.